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Abstract RNA editing modifies cytidines to uridines in plant organelle transcripts so that their sequences differ from the ones predicted from the genomic DNA. This process involves a family of RNA-binding proteins that has significantly expanded, the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR)-containing proteins. In angiosperms, PPR proteins are found in editosomes associated with accessory proteins. The exact function of these accessory proteins has been unclear. Bacterial co-expression of an angiosperm synthetic factor and different accessory proteins, RIP2, RIP9, and ORRM1, demonstrates their essential role in editing of an RNA target. The presence of ORRM1 and RIP2 or ORRM1 and RIP9 in bacteria with the PPR factor results in a target editing extent of 80%, which is similar to what is observed in planta. Accessory proteins increase the affinity of the PPR factor for the target RNA, likely the explanation of their role in improving editing efficiency. RNA-seq analysis of bacterial transcriptome in samples expressing various combinations of accessory proteins along with the synthetic factor identified a total of 34 off-target editing events. Investigation of their upstream sequences that are recognized and bound by the synthetic factor will facilitate the optimization of future designs to improve the specificity of this programmable RNA-editing factor. 

Abstract The RanBP2 zinc finger (Znf) domain is a prevalent domain that mediates protein interaction and RNA binding. In Arabidopsis, a clade of four RanBP2 Znf-containing proteins, named the Organelle Zinc (OZ) finger family, are known or predicted to be targeted to either the mitochondria or the plastids. Previously we reported that OZ1 is absolutely required for the editing of 14 sites in chloroplasts. We now have investigated the function of OZ2, whose null mutation is embryo lethal. We rescued the null mutant by expressing wild-type OZ2 under the control of the seed-specific ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3) promoter. Rescued mutant plants exhibit severely delayed development and a distinctive morphological phenotype. Genetic and biochemical analyses demonstrated that OZ2 promotes the splicing of transcripts of several mitochondrial nad genes and rps3. The splicing defect of nad transcripts results in the destabilization of complex I, which in turn affects the respiratory ability of oz2 mutants, turning on the alternative respiratory pathway, and impacting the plant development. Protein-protein interaction assays demonstrated binding of OZ2 to several known mitochondrial splicing factors targeting the same splicing events. These findings extend the known functional repertoire of the RanBP2 zinc finger domain in nuclear splicing to include plant organelle splicing.